试析朱元璋重典治官吏与屠戮功臣

ZHU Yuan-zhang's Administration of Local Officials and Massacre of Outstanding Officials and Veteran Generals

中国专制主义中央集权的封建王朝发展到后期,经历了元末的动荡,由农民出身的朱元璋完成了大一统。作为一位封建政治家,他勤政爱民,不辞辛劳,为明王朝的稳定和长治久安耗费了毕生的心血。他重视法制,执行认真,冀图通过国家法律的框架严肃吏治和约束功臣。然而,事与愿违,官吏贪赃枉法,功臣更是骄纵不法,严重威胁着明王朝的统治。严峻的形势使朱元璋的“忧危”情绪日甚一日,更激起其猜忌多疑的心理。于是,在洪武中后期,朱元璋对官吏和功臣法外加刑,进行了大规模的诛戮,确实对吏治有所匡救。但是,他狂暴杀戮,也为明王朝带来了无可挽回的损失。就其整顿吏治和屠杀功臣的全过程而言,这二者之间又存在着深层次的联系。

ZHU Yuan - zhang unified the country in the social upheaval of the power centralization and autocracy of the feudalism in the Yuan Dynasty. As a feudal politician, ZHU Yuan - zhang ensured the stability of the Ming Dynasty by legally administrating local officials. However, corrupt officials and illegal acts of those who had rendered outstanding services threatened the domination of the Ming Dynasty and resulted in ZHU Yuan- zhang＇s anxiety. In the middle and late period of Hongwu Power, ZHU Yuan - zhang severely punished and massacred local officials and even outstanding officials and veteran generals, which intensified the administration of local officials, but, on the other hand, brought about unavoidable losses to the Ming Dynasty. ZHU Yuan- zhang＇s Administration of local officials and massacre of outstanding officials are closely and profoundly associated.