机场工作环境噪声对心血管疾病危险因素的影响

Influence of airport industrial noise exposure on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases

目的研究机场工作环境噪声、个体对噪声的烦恼性对心血管疾病危险因素的影响,探讨噪声对心血管疾病的影响机制。方法采用横断面研究方法,调查广州飞机维修工程有限公司工作人员的一般情况、噪声接触水平以及血脂、血压等生理生化指标。采用协方差分析等方法分析噪声接触水平、个体对噪声的烦恼性与心血管疾病危险因素之间的关系。结果在校正年龄、体重指数、吸烟、饮酒、家族史等因素后,发现工作环境噪声水平<50dB(A)、70～85dB(A)和>85dB(A)组调查对象的舒张压(DBP)分别为74.52、75.45和76.35mmHg,动脉粥样硬化指数(AI)分别为4.55、4.80和4.97,其差异有显著性(P<0.05)。进一步分析揭示噪声和烦恼性的交互作用对高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、收缩压、空腹血糖的影响具有统计学意义。结论机场工作环境噪声、个体对噪声的烦恼性与心血管疾病危险因素存在不同程度的相关及交互作用。

Objective To study the influence of airport industrial noise exposure, noise annoyance on risk factors of cardiovascular disease, and to explore the possible mechanism of noise affecting the cardiovascular diseases. Methods A cress-sectional investigation was conducted in the employees of Guangzhou Aircraft Maintenance Engineering Co. , Ltd. , GAMECO. Data was collected with a self-adminlstered questionnaire, physical, and laboratory examination. Ambient noise level was measured at each workstation. Analysis of covariance and general linear model were used to analyze the association between noise exposure level, noise annoyance and the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Results After adjusting for the potential confounding factors of age, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, diet habit, family history, the mean of DBP of the subjects exposed to the noise 〈50 dB（A） ,70 -85 dB（A） and 〉85 dB（A） was 74.52, 75.45 and 76.35 mmHg and the mean of AI of them was 4. 55, 4. 80 and 4. 97 respectively, and their differences were significant （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Further analysis indicated that interactive influences of noise level and noise annoyance on HDL-C, SBP and FPG were significant （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion These resuits suggest that airport industrial ambient noise exposure level is positively associated with the risk factors of cardiovascular disease, and interactive influences of noise exposure level and noise annoyance on them were also observed.