苏轼与程颐易学动静观的比较

A Comparative Research on SU Shi's and CHENG Yi's Opinions on Movement and Stillness of "Zhouyi"

文章从宇宙化生、性情、卦爻三方面对苏轼、程颐的《易》学动静观作了比较,揭示了理学和庄玄之学两种解《易》思想的差异。关于宇宙化生,苏、程皆承认阴阳之“动”生出万物,而程颐从宇宙运动中抽绎出“理”作为最高法则,苏轼则归之于造化无心。落实于性情论,两人皆突出“静”的高明之境,然而程颐的心之安静是以长时涵养的道德自律为前提的,而苏轼的“静”则缘于应物无心、淡然自若的处世情态。体现在符号化的表征—卦爻上,程颐的动、静合“理”体现为爻位的嘉善,苏轼的动、静自然则体现于卦爻之间的动态平衡。

The aim of the dissertation is to research the difference between Neo-Confucianism and Metaphysics by comparing SU Shi＇s and CHENG Yi＇s Opinions on movement and Stillness of ＂Zhouyi＂. On the Universe coming into being,SU Shi and CHENG Yi both insisted ＂Yin＂ and ＂Yang＂ movement give birth to everything on earth,CHENG Yi concluded ＂Li＂ among universal movement and regarded it as the primary principle. But SU Shi reduced it to unconsciousness of Nature. When altered into the theory of mind and inherent character, they both stressed on the brilliant state of ＂Stillness＂. The mind ＂Stillness＂ of CHENG Yi is based on self-restraint for a long period,and SU Shi＇s ＂Stillness＂ relate to the indifferent and unconscious attitude of living in the world. As far as the symbol of ＂Gua＂ and ＂Yao＂,CHENG Yi＇s motion and still reasonably is embodied in excellent position of ＂Yao＂,SU Shi＇s motion and still freely is embodied in dynamic balance between ＂Gua＂ and ＂Yao＂.