异化劳动与私有财产:结论产生的过程与原因——《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的文本分析,兼论其过渡性

Alienated Labor and Private Property:the Process and Cause of Marx' Conclusion——Text-analysis on the Manuscripts in 1844,and Discussion about Its Transitionity

马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中认为,异化劳动是私有财产的根源,这个论断是错误的;后来在《德意志意识形态》中,他得出了与之相反的正确结论。对《手稿》的文本分析可知:费尔巴哈式的人本主义框架是其错误结论的根本原因。其实,“异化劳动”概念本身就表征了马克思的人本主义思路,而人本主义思路则预示了其错误结论的逻辑必然。相应地,判断《手稿》的性质与地位,也应以异化劳动与私有财产为主线,从两个方面来进行:(1)《手稿》整体结构中关于异化劳动与私有财产问题的前后逻辑关联,这是内部的文本梳理;(2)借助《形态》中关于异化劳动与私有财产问题的正确论断来反衬《手稿》,这是外部的文本比较。文本研究表明,《手稿》是马克思思想发展的过渡环节。

Marx drew a conclusion in ＂Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts in 1844＂ that alienated labor is the origin of private property. This conclusion was wrong, and was overturned later in ＂German Ideology＂, where he drew a new correct conclusion. We find that Marx＇ methodology of Feuerbach＇ humanitarianism is the cause of his wrong conclusion. In fact, the concept of alienated labor itself is the symbol of Marx ~ methodology of Feuerbach＇ humanitarianism, and the methodology indicates the necessity of his wrong conclusion. Focusing on alienated labor and private property ,we discussed the nature of the ＂Manuscripts in 1844＂ and its status in the history of Marxism through construction-analysing of the ＂Manuscripts in 1844＂ as a whole,and text-comparing between the ＂Manuscripts in 1844＂ and ＂German Ideology＂. Our conclusion is that the ＂Manuscripts in 1844＂ is immature and is a important transitive text in the history of Marxism.