现代音像传媒对声乐教学的影响

The Impact of Modern Audio-Visual Media on Vocal Music Teaching

19世纪声乐教学主要是“模拟教学法”；当人们总结了经验，编写了理论书籍，就有了“教材教学法”；到了19世纪下半叶，随着科学技术的进步、医学的发展，特别是喉头镜的发明，声乐教学产生了“器官教学法”等。这些声乐史上的发展与变革，说明声乐演唱和教学也是一个与时俱进的发展过程。时下，现代音像传媒的发展成为一种巨大的产业，它对人们的影响是不可估量的，在声乐演唱教学上的影响也可以说是革命性的。它借助广播、电视、电脑网络等传播媒介传播音乐、娱乐大众，通过音像传媒自身固有的“保留“、“复制”、“传播”、“反复再现”等功能以及传播速度快、受众面广、视听效果好、便于欣赏等特点，从音乐欣赏途径和方式、审美情趣、教学手段、感知能力的拓展等方面对声乐教学产生诸多影响。

In the 19th century,″imitation pedagogy″ was dominant in vocal music teaching. When enough experiences had been accumulated and theoretical books were compiled,″textbook pedagogy″ emerged. In the second half of the 19th century,with the advance of science and technology,and the development of medical science,and in particular,the invention of laryngoscope,″organ pedagogy″ was created in the field of vocal music teaching. These evolutions in the history of vocal music prove that vocal music performing and teaching have been developing in pace with the change of times. In the present days,modern audio-visual media have developed into a huge industry,which has produced immeasurable effects upon the public,and has also made revolutionary impact on vocal music performing and teaching. It takes the forms of radio,television and Internet in spreading music and entertaining the public. With its special functions of ″preserving″,″reproducing″,″transmitting″ and ″replaying″,and its features of rapid communication,wide coverage,satisfactory receiving effects and convenience for appreciation,the audio-visual media are producing various effects in terms of the ways and forms of appreciating music,aesthetic attitudes, teaching methods and extension of one's perception. Artistic activities in different ages always bear signs of that age. For instance,in the time when falsetto singing prevailed in the 16th century,castratos appeared just for the purpose of achieving wider range of scale and greater flexibility. From the mid-18th century to mid-19th century,with the growth of Italian opera singing styles and teaching methods,Bel canto was formed. Today,modern audio-visual media has inevitably branded itself into vocal music teachings. The impact that modern audio-visual media has made upon vocal music teaching and singing is an actual reality. What we need to do is to introduce the audio-visual media into vocal music teaching in a proper way,and apply it in the process of formulating teaching repertoire,content for appreciation and artistic practice,in more scientific manners.