初中生心理问题早期干预的前瞻性研究

Study on early intervention for mental health problems among junior middle school students

【目的】观察初中生心理卫生问题早期干预的效果。【方法】应用自编儿童心理卫生调查问卷、症状自评量表(Symptom Checklist 90,SCL-90)、父母养育方式评价量表(Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran,EMBU),以整群抽样的方法,抽取社区所属的中学1 585人为研究对象,随机选取其中一所中学841人为干预组,另一所中学744人为对照组,对干预组进行为期2年的综合干预,前瞻性观察心理卫生问题的干预效果。【结果】干预前干预组检出139人,阳性率16.53%;对照组117人,阳性率15.74%,两组比较差异无显著性(χ2=0.19,P>0.05)。干预前两组父母养育方式量表各因子得分比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。经过对干预组进行2年综合干预后,对两组再重新进行问卷调查,评估干预效果。干预组心理卫生问题检出阳性率明显下降至9.23%;对照组检出阳性率为16.50%,两组相比差异有非常显著性(χ2=18.41,P<0.01)。干预组在干预后父母养育方式量表各因子得分与对照组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。【结论】对初中生的心理卫生问题进行早期干预,有助于减少心理问题的发生。

[Objective] To survey the status of mental health in junior middle school students and to evaluate the effectiveness of early intervention. [Methods] 1 585 junior middle school students by means of cluster sampling were measured by some evaluated tools, which including the children mental health questionnaire,Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL- 90） and Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran （EMBU）. These students were randomly assigned either as the control group （744） or as the study group （841）, the study group was given intervention measures while the control group was given nothing and they were evaluated two years later again. [Results] Before intervention measures being taken, the prevalence of mental health problems in the control group was 15. 74% （117） and in the study group was 16.53% （139） according to SCL-90 scores. And there was also no significant difference between two groups EMBU scores. Two groups were surveyed again after the study group taken intervention measures two years later. The prevalence of mental health problems in control group was 16. 50% （119） and in study group was 9.23%（76）, the difference was very significant （X^2 = 18.41, P〈0.01）. Further more, the scores of SCL-90, EMBU,in the study group were lower than the scores in the control group, the difference was significant（P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] The intervention measures which were early taken were effective to reduce the prevalence of mental health problems.