从托克维尔到舍勒:上帝问题的社会学论证及其现代性意识

From Tocqueville to Scheler :A Sociological Reasoning of Existence of God and Issue of Modernity

在社会思想史上,托克维尔、西美尔、舍勒就上帝存在提出了一种不同于哲学论证的社会学论证。托克维尔认为上帝是个体自由的保证。在西美尔那里,上帝是社会整合的代名词。舍勒认为上帝是个体对集体的精神意向。上帝存在的社会学论证触及到宗教与现代社会的意义共契这一现代性的重要问题,具有重要意义。

Duringg the history of social thought,Tocqueville,Simmel and Scheler put a sociological reasoning of existence of God, which differentiates from philosophy reasoning. TocqueviUe think that existence of God is safeguard of individual freedom.Simmel consider God as pronoun of social conformity. Scheler figure that God is spirit intention between individual and collectivity. The sociological reasoning of existence of God is involved in coincidence between religion and modem society,which is core of modernity .