高速碰撞时后座乘员安全性的仿真与实验研究

A research on safety analog and experiment for rear-row passenger when high-speed crash occurs

汽车在高速碰撞时，乘员将承受很大的惯性加速度，常规的乘员约束系统不能达到对乘员的有效保护。这里利用多剐体动力学软件MADYMO建立了整车、假人及乘员约束系统模型，对后座乘员的安全性进行了仿真分析，并对其约束系统提出了相应的改进措施。通过台车实验对仿真分析进行了部分验证。结果表明，采用静、动摩擦阻尼结合的座椅吸能方案配合安全带固定在座椅上的方案可以达到较好的乘员保护效果。

passengers are subject to inertia acceleration when high-speed automobile crash occurs. Conventional restraint system cannot effectively protect passengers. In this paper, a rigid-body dynamic software named MADYMO is used to set up model of passenger restraint system, conduct analog analysis for the safety of rear-row passengers, and put forward new measure to improve the restraint system. The paper also partially verify the analog analysis through automobile experiment, and results show that a better protection can be obtained by seat energy absorption proposal （i.e. a combination of static and dynamic frictional damping）, plus safety belts to be fixed on seats.