中小学教师职业压力、职业倦怠与心理健康研究

An Investigation on Occupational Stress,Teacher Burnout and Mental Health State of Primary and Middle Schools Teachers and the Relations among Them

目的:了解中小学教师职业压力、职业倦怠与心理健康的状况并探讨其相互关系。方法:运用教师职业压力问卷、职业倦怠问卷和SCL-90对564名中小学教师进行调查。结果:教师职业压力各因子和职业倦怠的情绪衰竭、低个人成就感维度得分均高于2.5分;除了偏执、精神病性之外,被试在SCL-90各分量表上的因子分≥3的人数比例均高于4%,男女教师在人际敏感、敌对、精神病性和其他因子上存在显著差异,不同类型学校教师在除躯体化外各因子上均存在显著差异。职业压力的人际关系因子和职业倦怠总分及各维度与心理健康总分及各因子存在显著正相关。路径分析显示,职业压力和职业倦怠与心理健康间分别存在间接和直接的因果关系。结论:教师职业压力比较大、职业倦怠较为严重,心理健康水平较低。职业倦怠是职业压力和心理健康之间重要的相关因素。

Objective： To explore occupational stress, teacher burnout and mental health state of primary and middle schools teachers and to investigate the relationship among them. Methods： Questionnaires about occupational stress, teacher burnout and SCL-90 Scale were administered to 564 primary and middle schools teachers. Results： Teachers showed higher scores than 2.5 in every factor of occupational stress and teacher burnout. Thee percent of high-score teachers with at least one SCL-90 subscale scored more than 3 is more than 4%.There were significant correlation among occupational stress, teacher burnout and mental health. The causal relationship between them were identified with the path analysis method, seems to occupational stress, teacher burnout have both direct and indirect effect on the prediction of mental health. Conclusion： There is a high level of occupational stress, teacher burnout and low level of mental health. Teacher burnout is an important factor for occupational stress and mental health.