9-11岁儿童的工作记忆和智力、创造力之间关系的研究

Relationship Among Working Memory,Intelligence and Creativity of the 9-11 Years Old Children

目的:采用Sternberg的工作记忆任务研究9-11岁儿童工作记忆的发展情况,并探讨在智力和创造力活动中工作记忆所起到的作用。方法:本研究采用Cattell等人对智力所界定的概念,分别探讨两种更高等级的智力,即流体智力和晶体智力中所包含的工作记忆成分;使用国外经典创造力测验“威廉斯创造性测验”作为一般创造力的指标,同时使用国外新近的“同感评价技术”来研究儿童的言语创造力。结果:随着年龄的增长,11岁儿童的工作记忆与流体智力和言语创造力的相关较9岁儿童都有所下降,而与晶体智力和一般创造力的相关有所增加,但10岁组结果有不稳定的现象。结论:儿童的工作记忆水平随年龄的增长呈稳定的增长趋势,儿童的工作记忆和晶体智力有极其显著的相关,和流体智力也有较高的相关,和一般创造力的独创性维度有较高的相关。

Objective： Working memory function was measured by Sternberg＇s task, and its role in the relationship of intelligence and creativity was studied. Methods： In the present study, Cattell＇s crystallised intelligence and fluid intelligence were adopted as intellective parameters, and Williams Creativity Assessment Packet and Consensual Assessment Technique were used as the creativity＇s. 83 participants were tested. Results： The correlations of working memory and verbal creativity increased, while the other way round was its correlations with fluid intelligence and general creativity went down in these three groups. Conclusion： Children＇s working memory is increasing stably, and it has high correla- tions with crystallised intelligence and fluid intelligence, and there is also high correlation between working memory and one of general creativity＇s dimensionalities, Promethean.