中学生抑郁症与认知倾向、D型人格及家庭环境的研究

Study of the Relationships Between Middle School Students with Depression and Cognitive Style,Type D Personality and Family Environment

目的:探讨中学生抑郁症与认知倾向、D型人格及家庭环境因素的关系。方法:采用认知倾向问卷(CAOT),D型人格量表(DS),家庭环境量表(FES),抑郁自评量表(SDS)对86例中学生抑郁症患者和108名健康对照者进行评定。结果:①抑郁症组乐观因子分(7.62±3.20)显著低于对照组(t=-11.59,P<0.01),且抑郁程度与乐观因子呈显著负相关(r=-0.75,P<0.01);D型人格消极情感(14.83±6.18)、社会抑制(14.90±6.04)分显著高于对照组(t=11.60,t=7.92,P<0.01),且抑郁程度与消极情感、社会抑制因子呈显著正相关(r=0.72,r=0.59,P<0.01);家庭亲密度(5.56±2.66)、知识性(3.23±1.96)等因子分低于对照组,矛盾性(4.48±2.78)因子分高于对照组(t=-5.83,t=-4.08,t=3.84,P<0.01),且抑郁程度与亲密度、知识性因子呈负相关(r=-0.49,r=-0.38,P<0.01),与矛盾性因子呈正相关(r=0.37,P<0.01)。②回归和路经分析发现,乐观因子、消极情感、亲密度和知识性是抑郁症的预测变量,其中乐观因子的预测作用较强,对抑郁症产生直接影响效果。结论:中学生抑郁症可能是认知倾向、D型人格及家庭环境等多因素影响的结果,认知倾向是重要的影响因素。

Objective： To explore the relationships between middle school students with depression and cognitive style, type D personality and family environment. Methods： 86 middle school students with depression and 108 normal controls were investigated with Cognitive Appraisal Orientation Test （CAOT）, Type D Personality Scale （DS）, Family Environment Scale（FES）, Self Depression Scale（SDS） respectively. Results： ①The scores of depressive patients were lower than those of normal controls in optimism （7.62±3.20） of CAOT （t=-11.59, P〈0.01 ）, and showed significant negative correlation between depression and optimism （r=-0.75, P〈0.0i） ; the scores of the patients were higher than those of normal controls in negtive affect （ 14.83±6.18） and social inhibition （14.90±6.04） of DS （ t= 11.60, t=7.92, P〈0.01 ）, and showed significant positive correlation between depression and negative affect, social inhibition （r=0.72, r=-0.59, P〈0.01 ）. The scores were lower than those＇of normal controls in cohesion （5.56±2.66）, intellectual （3.23 ±1.96）, et al, but higher in conflict （4.48±2.78） of FES （t=-5.83, t=-4.08,, t=-3.84, P〈0.01 ）, and showed significant negative correlation between depression and cohesion and intellectual factors （r=-0.49, r=-0.38, P〈0.01 ）, and significant positive correlation between depression and conflict（t=0.37, P〈0.01 ）.②Regression and Path analysis showed optimism was a major predictor, it had direct influence to depression. Conclusion.. Negtive affect and cohesion and intellectual factors possibly play roles on occurrence of depres- sion in middle school students; cognitive style is an important influencing factor in depression.