基于矢量传感器阵列的二维波达方向估计研究

Study of the Two-dimension DOA Estimation Technology Based on the Acoustic Vector Array

矢量水听器由声压传感器和质点振速传感器复合而成,可以空间共点、同步测量声压和质点振速的各正交分量.相对于声压水听器阵来说,矢量阵获取声场中更多的信息,利用矢量阵所获得的速度场的信息可去除目标方位估计中的模糊.多重信号分类(MUSIC)算法是通过对数据协方差矩阵进行本征分解获得信号空间谱估计的方法.文中采用矢量水听器均匀线阵研究了利用MUSIC算法对声源进行二维角度估计,通过对声压水听器和矢量水听器阵MUSIC算法的仿真对比得出结论:声矢量阵比声压阵具有更好的波达方向估计性能.另外,文中还采用空间平滑技术对相关信号源进行解相关从而得到良好的二维波达方向估计性能.

Vector hydrophone consists of conventional pressure sensor and particle velocity sensor, which colocate and instantaneously measures pressure and orthogonal components of particle velocity. The main advantage of these vector hydrophones over traditional scalar hydrophones is that they make use of more available acoustic information. Thus the ambiguity in the DOA estimation can be removed using the information of acoustic particle velocity of sound field. In this paper, the two dimensional DOA of sources is estimated using MUSIC （Multiple Signal Characterization） algorithm by a vector hydrophone ULA （Uniform Linear Array）, and MUSIC algorithms based on acoustic vector sensor array and scalar sensor array have been analyzed. The simulation results indicate that higher resolution for DOA estimation can be obtained by using vector hydrophones rather than pressure hydrophones which have the same output channels. Element space MUSIC algorithm can correctly estimate the two dimensional angle of coherent source when spatial smoothness technology is applied to acoustic vector array.