摘要
在大气化学实验室以及大气本底、酸雨和沙尘暴等观测站网长期工作基础上，作为“大气成分轨道”的主要牵头实施单位，大气成分观测与服务中心积极按照中国气象局业务技术体制改革总体方案精神，按照“立足现有、统筹规划、重点突出、分步建设”基本思路，设计建设大气成分研究型业务体系，保证了各项科研、业务和服务工作的顺利开展。目前初步形成了12个研究和业务团队：气溶胶、温室气体及相关微量成分、反应性气体与大气光化学、臭氧与辐射、酸雨、边界层、数值同化、大气成分数值模拟、化学输送数值模拟、大气成分气候效应、大气成分反转数值模拟、常规预报要素分析。2005年在研和新获准的各类国家级和省部级科研项目达30多项。对原有的观测站网和大气化学实验室进行升级改造、增容及整合，重新布设了基本覆盖全国范围的30个大气成分观测站。按照国家科技基础条件平台发展规划，牵头实施“国家大气成分本底观测研究台站体系建设”。中国气象局4个大气本底站（青海瓦里关、北京上甸子、浙江临安、黑龙江龙凤山）正式进入国家级野外观测研究台站行列；完成了2个拟新建本底站（云南香格里拉、新疆阿克达拉）论证试验和可行性研究报告，初步确定了湖北金沙预选本底站站址，即将启动科学论证工作；开展“酸雨观测业务规范”人员培训，大力推进酸雨工作业务化。
Based on the Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry and the networks of atmospheric background, acid rain, and dust storm observation stations, as one of the main operational emphases of the China Meteorological Administration （CMA）, the Center for Atmosphere Watch and Service （CAWAS） designs and establishes its operating system according to CMA＇s overall structural reform scheme. So far, the center has 12 research/operational groups： Aerosol, Greenhouse Gases ＆ Related Tracers, Reactive Gases ＆ Atmospheric Photochemistry, Total Ozone and Radiation, Atmospheric Deposition, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Numerical Assimilation, Atmospheric Composition Modeling, Chemical Transport Modeling, Atmospheric Composition ＆ Climate Change, Atmospheric Composition Inverse Modeling, and Forecasting Analysis. The main advances in 2005 are as follows： There were over 30 national or provincal-level scientific projects going on in the center. The upgrading, renovation, capacity- increasing, and integration of the original observation station network and the Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry were carried out, and the atmospheric composition observation network of 30 stations across China was redistributed. According to the national infrastructure platform development program, the center is leading the implementation of the construction of the national atmospheric composition background observation and research station system. CMA＇s four background stations （Mt. Wa Liguan GAW/WMO baseline observatory in Qinghai Province, atmospheric background stations at Lin＇an in Zhejiang Province, Shangdianzi in Beijing and Longfengshan in Heilongjiang Province） formally entered the national-level field observation and research station network. The scientific assessing experiments and the feasibility reports of two new regional background stations in Xinjiang Akedala and Yunnan Shangerila were completed, and the site of another regional background station （Jinsa of Hubei Province） was determined preliminarily.
