文化人类学在西方诗经学中的运用

The Applion of Cultural Anthropology On the Book of Poetry

从汉籍外译的传播起源来看,海外汉学是由法国传教士所开创,及至第三代汉学家之一的葛兰言,高举社会学分析法的旗帜,将文化人类学第一次运用于《诗经》研究。他将历史学的内在批评、社会学的同类比较和事实分析三法并用,得出《诗经》是庶民之作的结论。从庶民的习俗演变为季节性的仪式再到官方正统崇拜的仪礼嬗变过程中,他为我们推导出国家宗教的产生和社会组织结构的形成。这在当时古今中外一切学人研究《诗经》上千年而几乎到了尽头的时候,他能利用新方法,创出一个新学派,使海外汉学从此走上一条新路,这是葛兰言对海外汉学的最大贡献。

As far as the transmission of Chinese classical books is concerned, sinoIogy was initiated by the French Churchmen. When the baton was handed on one of the sinologists of the third generation, Marchel Granet, he advocated the ahalytical method of sociology and first applied cultural anthropology for the research of the Book of Pocty. With the combination of immanent criticism in history, sociological analogy and data analysis, he concluded that the anthology was from the popular origin. Tthe evolution from the popular from to the seasonal ritual and the to the official ritual, shows the emergence of the state religion and the formation of the social structure. By means of the new method, he started a new school which led sinology to a new road this is his greatest contribution to the development of sinology.