阿洪王国的历史与变迁——印度东北部侗台语民族研究之一

The Historical Transformation of The Hou Kingdom

十三世纪至十九世纪印度东北部的历史当属阿洪王国的历史。阿洪王国是十三世纪上半叶由侗台语民族之一支的阿洪人在布拉马普特拉河上游地区建立的国家。阿洪人的先民属中国古代“百越”族群,与云南傣族、缅甸的掸族有直接的族源关系。与周边的山地民族相比,阿洪人拥有先进的稻耕农业技术,并由于文字、宗教、政治、军事体制等因素,使其得以稳定和发展。但是由于人口比例、交流与融合方面的变迁以及内部斗争的消耗,加上英、缅等外部势力的入侵,终于让延续了六百年的王国灭亡了。本文在探求阿洪王国历史的同时也对阿洪人的语言、文化等方面的变迁进行分析,审视他们是融入还是脱离印度的主流文化的趋势。

The rise of the Ahom Kingdom dominated the history of North - East India during the period from 13^th to^19 century. As a sub -group of the Tai - Kadai, the Ahoms built their kingdom over the upper valley of the Bramaputra in the first quarter of the thirteenth century. The Ahoms ethnically originated from the Dai in Yunnan and the Shahs in Burma, all belonging to the group of Baiyue. In comparision with the surrounding hill tribes, the Ahom＇ s advanced techniques of rice cultivation, as well as their writing scripts, religion, politics and military system, were the primary factors that helped them stabilize and develop. The Ahom Kingdom, which had lasted for six hundred years, declined due to the population proportion, integration, internal conflict and aggression from abroad. This essay probes not only the history of the Ahom Kingdom and the Ahom culture, but also the tendency to deviate from or intedrate into the mainstream of the Indian culture.