科学的“计划”与“自由”发展:争论及其影响

Planned and Free Development of Science:Arguments and the Effect

20世纪以来,围绕科学的“计划”与“自由”发展这一主题,科学家、政治家、人文学者与社会民众展开了三次热烈的争论。在争论中,人们逐步达成一致的观点:政府应主导和组织科学发展,科学发展最终要体现国家目标。这些观点对知识经济时代的国家科学政策产生了深刻影响。

Since the 20th century, arguments over Planned and Free development of Science have been alive. In the arguments, the scientists, politicians, humanists and the public confirm the basic conception：government should conduct the development of science, which essentially reflects the goal of the nation. The conception has affected some national policies of science greatly in this times of economy based on knowledge.