动物性饵料对养殖水体中菌数和理化因子的影响

Studies on the Variation of the Environmental Factors in Culturing Water when Fed the Animal Foods to the Seahorse,Hippocampus kuda Bleeker

向大海马（Hippocampus kuda Bleeker）养殖池中投喂动物性饵料桡足类、杂碎鱼虾等饵料后，亲海马实验组、幼海马实验组以及空白对照组水体环境因子参数差异明显，投喂杂碎鱼虾的亲海马组与投喂桡足类的幼海马组的细菌数量均高于空白对照组。3组处理后表层异养菌平均数量变动范围分别为4×10^3-1．78×10^5 CFU／mL，2．5×10^3-7．2×10^4 CFU／mL，2×10^2-5．5×10^3 CFU／mL，而底层异养菌则分别为6．53×10^3-1．59×10^5 CFU／mL，1．5×10’-7．5×10^4CFU／mL，5×10^2-1．0×10^4 CFU／mL。表层弧菌平均数量变动范围分别为55—4．08×10^3 CFU／mL，85—7．19×10^3CFU／mL，10～123 CFU／mL，而底层弧菌则分别为1．13×10^2-7．48×10^3CFU／mL，2．66×10^2-1．16×10^4CFU／mL，10—175CFU／mL。差异显著性分析结果表明，亲海马组与幼海马组细菌数量差异均不显著（P〉0．05）。而亲海马组与空白组除表层弧菌数量差异不显著外，其余，底层弧菌、表底层异养细菌数量呈显著性差异（P〈0．05）。空白组与幼海马组细菌数量均呈显著性差异（P〈0．05）。3组池水温变化相差不大，亲海马组、幼海马组中NHf—N含量呈升高之势，DO极不稳定，有机残留物含量、细菌数量增加趋势，导致水质恶化。

The variation of the environmental factors in culturing and breeding seahorses was studied when the animal feed such as fresh sweetbread of fish and shrimp, copepoda were fed to seahorses. Three experimental groups were set ： the first group was the parent seahorses, which were fed with fresh sweetbread of fish and shrimp ; and the second group was the juvenile seahorses fed with copepoda; and the last group was the control with no food. All the groups were 3 replicates. The results showed that the bacterial numbers in the culturing water of the first and second groups were larger than that in the controls. In the culturing water surface, the mean variable ranges of heterotrophic bacteria numbers were 4 ×10^3 - 1.78× 10^5CFU/mL, 2.5 × 10^3 -7.2 × 10^4 CFU/mL, and 2 ×10^2 -5.5 × 10^3 CFU/mL, respectively, and the mean variable ranges of vibrio numbers were 55 -4. 08 × 10^3 CFU/mL, 85 -7.19 × 10^3 CFU/mL, and 10 - 123 CFU/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, at the bottom of the cultural water, the mean variable ranges of heterotrophic bacteria numbers were 6.53× 10^3 - 1.59 ×10^5 CFU/mL, 1.5 × 10^3 - 7.5 × 10^4 CFU/mL, and 5 ×10^2 - 1.0 × 10^4 CFU/mL, respectively, and the mean variable ranges of Vibrio numbers were 1.13 × 10^2 -7.48 × 10^3 CFU/mL, 2.66 ×10^2 - 1.16 × 10^4 CFU/mL, and 10 - 175 CFU/mL, respectively, and then the above data were analyzed by one -way ANOVA. The results displayed that there was no different between the group of parent seahorses and the group of juvenile seahorses （ P 〉 0. 05 ）, however, the group of parent sea- horses was significantly different with the goups of juvenile seahorses and the control （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. There were no significant difference for the temperature between three groups, however, the content of NH4 - N in parent seahorses and juvenile seahorses groups were quite higher than that in the control, and the DO displayed instable, and at the same time, the content of the organic remainders increased significantly.