基于生态经济学理论与方法的生态补偿量化研究

How to Determine the Payment Amount of Ecological Compensation:Based on the Theories and Methods of Ecological Economics

以生态系统服务和生态足迹的理论和方法为基础,从国家宏观层面建立生态补偿的判定标准、量化模型和计算方法.在此基础上以中国各省份为例,研究中国区域之间的生态补偿量化问题.结果表明:1)生态赤字大小的顺序为东部>中部>西部,而生态系统服务价值贡献顺序恰好相反.2)东部地区该支付的生态补偿总量为439.50×108yuan/a,各省平均为73.25×108yuan/a;中部总量为482.98×108yuan/a,各省平均为40.25×108yuan/a,西部总量158.56×108yuan/a,各省平均为12.20×108yuan/a.建议国家建立生态补偿基金,协调区域生态服务与生态占用的矛盾.

Ecological compensation, as a monetary measure, has been a key effective way to address the disharmony between economic development and ecological conservation. At present, the biggest difficulty is hard to determine the payment amount of ecological compensation. Based on the frontier theories and methods of ecosystem services and ecofootprint, we put forward the determinant standard for ecological compensation, accounting model and techniques to determine the amount of ecological compensation in this article. Then, we take every province of China as case study, the results showed that ： 1 ） the ranking of eco-deficit in China is ： east 〉 midland 〉 west, and the ranking of ecosystem services contribution is： west 〉 midland 〉 east. 2） the total payment amount of ecological compensation is 439.50 hundred million yuan/a and the average amount of every province is 73.25 hundred million yuan/a in eastern areas of China; the number of midland are 482.98 hundred million yuan/a and 40.25 hundred million yuan/a separately; and the western are 158.56 hundred million yuan/a and 12.20 hundred million yuan/a. On the ground of these, a suggestion was brought forward： it is need to build up a national organization of ecological compensation fund to address the inconsistency between ecosystem services and eco-footprint.