长江江豚感染铜绿假单胞菌肺炎的诊治

Diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis)

本文记录了一例患急性铜绿假单胞菌肺炎的长江江豚诊断、治疗和预后观察过程。病原学鉴定采用鲜血琼脂平板对该江豚鼻腔拭子,在37℃下进行细菌需氧、厌氧培养和分离,并对所分离的细菌种类进行细菌学鉴定,结合血常规和血生化的检测结果,判定病原为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonasaeruginosa,PA)。依据病原菌的药敏试验结果对患病江豚进行治疗,预后良好。通过对整个过程的资料分析以及预后观察,得到如下提示:1)应做好饲养环境的消毒措施,防止江豚出现获得性PA感染;2)对江豚日常呼吸道和粪便中PA的检测,有利于疾病的早期预防和控制;3)江豚呼吸系统疾病的治愈依赖于准确的病原鉴定和及时的治疗,药敏试验对于PA感染的治疗非常必要;4)行为学的改变在江豚呼吸道疾病发病初期以及预后有重要的指示作用。

The whole process of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for a Yangtze finless porpoise, Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis, that suffered from acute respiratory disease is recorded in this paper. A sample of nasal swab was taken, incubated in blood-agar plate under aerobic and anaerobic culture conditions at 37℃ and the cultured bacterium was identified. Combining these results with hematology data and blood chemistry of the animal, the pathogen was determined to be Pseudomonas aeruginosa （ PA ）. Treatment was implemented guided by drug-sensitivity tests of PA and prognosis was good. Through summarization of the data of this process, it was learned that ： 1 ） It is important to enhance the measures of disinfection in the rearing environment so as to decrease the possibility of acquired PA infection; 2 ） Daily detection of PA in feces and aspiratory sample is necessary for prevention and control of the disease in the early stage ; 3 ） Timely cure of the disease depends on correct diagnosis, and drug-sensitivity testing is necessary for correct treatment. 4 ） Behavioral change by the animal is a good indication in both the early and the post-treatment stages of the disease.