影响人眼视觉质量的光学因素

The Optical Factors of Affecting the Human Eye Vision Quality

人眼作为一种光学器官,存在着一些光学缺陷。从物理学的角度,分析了小瞳孔的衍射效应、眼球光学系统的像差、瞳孔尺寸、照明度和光学散射等对人眼视觉质量的影响,重点分析了由眼球的屈光介质引入的光学像差对人眼视觉质量的影响。对于平常人眼,影响视网膜的成像质量主要受波前像差和衍射的综合作用影响。瞳孔变大时,衍射效应逐渐减弱。人眼的光学像差是影响人类视觉效果的主要因素。就各种不同光学像差性质而言,眼睛成像质量的最大缺陷是球面像差和色像差。

The human eye is not a perfect optical system, the paper analyzed the optical factors of affecting the human eye vision quality, such as diffraction on small pupil, the aberration of the eye system, the size of the pupil, illumination and optical dispertion. The aberration by the human eye optical structure to affect vision quality are mainly reviewed. For normal human eye, the aberration and diffraction are mainly affecting the human eye vision quality, the diffraction is becoming weaken while the pupil turn larger, and the aberration is mainly factor to human eye vision quality. To different aberration, the important limitation to human eye vision quality is spherical aberration and chromatic aberration.