海岸盐沼湿地土壤硫循环中的微生物及其作用

Microbes and their functions in sulfur cycle of coastal salt marsh sediments

硫及硫化合物的动态循环是海岸盐沼湿地的重要组成部分,硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)和硫氧化菌(SOB)是推动硫循环的重要微生物。硫酸盐还原菌把硫酸盐还原为硫化物,同时消耗土壤中的有机物质;硫氧化菌把还原性硫化合物氧化为硫酸盐,缓解土壤中硫化物的积累,它们共同维持硫循环的动态平衡。本文综述了海岸盐沼湿地土壤中硫的存在形式、硫的地球化学循环以及在硫循环过程中扮演重要角色的硫酸盐还原菌和硫氧化菌的生物多样性、活性测定方法及其生态学意义等的最新研究进展,并提出了存在的问题及研究展望。

Sulfate-reducing bacteria （SRB） and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria （SOB） play important roles in the sulfur cycle of coastal salt marsh sediments. SRB can reduce sulfate to sulfide, while SOB can oxidize the reduced sulfur compounds to sulfate and decrease the accumulation of sulfide. Both of them can keep the dynamics of sulfur cycle in balance. This paper summarized the research progress on the existent forms of sulfur in coastal salt marsh sediments, its geochemical cycle, and the biodiversity, bioactivity, and ecological significance of SRB and SOB. Some issues involved in the sulfur cycle in coastal salt marsh ecosystem and the ongoing research on the functions of SRB and SOB in this ecosystem were discussed.