含葡萄糖基的阳离子表面活性剂的合成

Synthesis of Cationic Surfactant Containing Glucose Group

以乙二醇糖苷、高级脂肪胺及环氧氯丙烷为原料合成了含葡萄糖基的季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂。以浓硫酸为催化剂,n(乙二醇糖苷/mol)∶n(环氧氯丙烷/mol)=1∶5的条件下制备氯代醇糖苷;然后以正十二醇、溴化钠、浓硫酸为原料合成了溴代十二烷;在20%碳酸钠溶液催化下,该产物继续与33%二甲胺反应制备了高级叔胺;最后以氯代醇糖苷及高级脂肪胺为原料合成了含葡萄糖基的季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂。对临界胶束浓度和泡沫性也进行了测定,该产品泡沫稳定性很好。由于其结构中既含有阳离子的N+基团,又含有糖苷叔基团,因此有一定的杀菌性,预计在自然环境中具有较好的降解率。

Quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant containing glucose group was synthesized with ethylene glycol glycoside,N,N-dimethyldodecan-1-amine and epoxy chloropropane.Chloric glycol glycoside was prepared by reaction of glycol glycoside and epoxy chloropropane in the presence of catalyst,concentrated sulfuric acid.The mole ratio of glycol glycoside and epoxy chloropropane was 1∶5.In addition,bromododecane was prepared with n-dodecanol,NaBr,concentrated sulfuric acid,which reacted with 33% dimethylamine aqueous solution to produce tert-amine with a long carbon chain. Thus; N,N-dimethyldodecan-1-amine was obtained. Then the qtmtemary ：ammonium salt cationic surfactant was synthesized by reaction of chlofic glycol glycoside and the N,N- dimethyldodeean-1-amine. At last, the critical micelle .concentration value and the foam property were measured.It was confirmed that the product had good ability of foaming and foam stability. The product is expected to have abilities of killing baeberia on account of cationic group of N^＋ and good degradability in natural enviromnent because of its glycoside group.