美国数学课程标准中“问题解决”的变化及启示

The Changes of Problem Solving in American Mathematics Standards and Its Enlightenments

全美数学教师理事会（NCTM）在2000年出版发行了《学校数学教育的原则和标准》，与之前相比，此文件中“问题解决”这一过程标准，在坚持以前的一些基本观点的同时，进一步明确“问题解决不仅是学习数学的一个目标，也是学习数学的一种主要方式”；而且增加了新的目标——“使学生能够检验和反思数学问题解决的过程”。由此可见，“课程标准”的制定必然有一个继承和不断改进的过程。自我国的数学课程标准将“解决问题”作为课程目标提出以来，在课程设计和教学实践中出现了一些变化和问题。在借鉴他国经验的同时，应根据我国的国情，继承和发展我国在“解决问题”方面的各种理论和实践成果，研究出培养学生解决问题能力的课程设计方案。

The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics （NCTM） published the Principles and Standards for School Mathematics in 2000. In this document, they say that the ＂process standards of problem solving＂ adheres to the original fundamental views, and they claim that ＂solving problem is not only a goal of learning mathematics but also a major means of learning＂, and they add the new goals of ＂enabling all students to monitor and reflect on the process of mathematics problem solving＂. The change of the goals indicates that the making-up of curriculum standards is a process of inheritance and development. Since ＂solving problem＂ was raised as a goal in mathematics curriculum standards in China, there have appeared some changes and problems . As we learn from other countries, we should carry on our own achievements in theory and practice according to the real conditions of China so as to produce the curriculum design program of cultivating students＇ ability of problem solving.