二氧化碳的捕获和封存技术进展

Evolution of CO_2 capture and sequestration technology

人类活动产生的CO_2长期积累有可能对全球气候造成严重影响,通过CO_2捕获和封存(CCS)技术进行电厂脱碳是减少CO_2进入大气的一个重要切入点。电厂CO_2捕获技术路线分为燃烧前脱碳技术、燃烧后脱碳技术、纯氧燃烧技术以及化学链燃烧技术;CO_2捕获技术则主要有吸收法、吸附法和膜分离法等,其中膜分离法是最有发展潜力的技术。油气田、煤层田以及盐水层具有长期安全封存CO_2的能力,且有巨大的封存容量。

Long-term accumulation of anthropogenic CO2 emissions will change the global climate. CO2 Capture and Sequestration （CCS） from power plants is an important opportunity to decrease CO2 emission. There are four CO2 capture routes in power plants： pre-combustion decarburization, post-combustion decarburization, oxyfuel combustion and Chemical Looping Combustion （CLC）. Absorption, adsorption and membrane separation are the three main technologies for CO2 capture, and the last one is the most potential technology to be developed in future. Oil and gas reservoirs, coalbed methane reservoirs and salt-water filled formations have the abilities of long-term sequestration in security with tremendous capacity.