“历日”还是“具注历日”——敦煌吐鲁番历书名称与形制关系再讨论

Li Ri or Ju Zhu Li Ri:A Further Discussion of the Relationship between the Name and the Form of Calendars Unearthed at Dunhuang and Turfan

根据吐鲁番台藏塔新出《永淳三年历日》和其他文献材料,唐代早期历日应定名为“历日”,而非“具注历日”。“历日”作为历书的自题名一直使用到唐武宗时期,自唐僖宗时期以后则使用“具注历日”。唐前期官颁历日历注中已有吉凶宜忌的内容,全国范围内的历书形制基本统一,这种形制一直延续到敦煌吐蕃和归义军时期。

Judging from the “Yongchun sannian li ri”(Calendar of the Third Year of Yongchun [683 AD])recently unearthed at the site of the Taizang Pagoda in Turfan,and other related literature,calendars were called “li ri”(calendar)in the early Tang Dynasty,instead of “ju zhu li ri”(annotated calendar).Calendars were called li ri until the reign of Emperor Wuzong of the Tang Dynasty(840—846).The name was changed to ju zhu li ri from the reign of Emperor Xizong(873—888).In the early Tang Dynasty,notes on auspicious and inauspicious days were contained in official calendars that existed in a basically unified form all over the country,well into the time when Dunhuang was under Tibetan and Gui-yi-jun rule successively.