晚清华北乡村:历史与规模

Villages in North China in the Late Qing Dynasty:History and Size

华北是中国文明的发源地,但自汉末至明的一千多年间,由于经常的大规模战乱和落后民族的掠夺统治,社会经济停滞、衰退,人口减少。明代以降,河北、山东各地多有外来移民组成村屯。晚清时期武清、栾城、青县、望都等州县的村落及人口资料证明,这些村屯之少数是数百户上千户的大村,绝大多数只是数十户以至数户十数户的小村。

Although it was the cradle of Chinese civilization,North China suffered from stagnation and decline in social and economic development,and the population fall resulting from these factors,over the thousand odd years from the late Han to the Ming dynasties,due to frequent large-scale wars and predatory rule by northern nomads.Migrant villages appeared in Hebei and Shandong from the Ming Dynasty on.According to late Qing village and population data on Wuqing,Luancheng,Qingxian and Wangdu,only a few villages in these counties were large ones with several hundred or a thousand households,while most were small,with tens of,or less than twenty,households.Some villages even had less than ten households.