利用人工合成六倍体小麦育成的新品种“川麦42”的生态适应性及产量潜力研究

Study on ecological adaptability and yield potential of new wheat cultivar 'Chuanmai 42' derived from synthetic hexaploid wheat

川麦42是利用CIMMYT人工合成六倍体小麦新资源育成的超高产新品种。2004~2006年,在四川多个生态点将川麦42与7个小麦品种的相关特性进行了比较研究。结果表明：①川麦42的丰产潜力较高,籽粒单产一般可达6~8 t/hm2,平均比其他品种高7%~15%。在各生态点间的变异系数较高,达到20%~25%。②川麦42因产量高,其需肥量较大,一般高氮处理的籽粒单产都显著高于低氮处理。同时,中等密度（220~240苗/m2）有利于高产。③因春性较强,不宜过早播种,以10月25~30日为最佳播种期。④川麦42中后期灌浆速率高,优势明显,利于发挥大粒大穗潜力。

Wheat is one of the most important crops in the world. Increasing grain yield of wheat steadily to match the increasing demand though germplasm innovation and breeding is the great goal for agricultural scientists. Chuanmai 42 is the first new commercial cultivar of wheat with high-yielding potential derived from CIMMYT synthetic hexaploid wheat. In 2004 -2006, several experiments were conducted in different regions in Sichuan province to reveal its ecological adaptability and yield potential by comparing with seven commercial wheat varieties. The results indicated that： （i） Grain yield of Chuanmai 42 ranges from 4.7 to 8.6 t/hm^2, with average yield of 6.7 m^2 to 7.9 t/hm^2, higher than others by 7 % - 15 %. The coefficient of variation in grain yield for Chuanmai 42 among five ecological experimental sites reached 20 % - 25 %, relatively higher than other experimental cultivars. （ii） Grain yields of treatments with high nitrogen level （ 150kg/ m^2 ） were significantly higher than those of treatments with low nitrogen level （75 kg/hm^2 ） and median to high level in basic seedlings （220 - 240 seedlings/m^2 ） was beneficial to increasing grain yield. （iii） Optimum sowing date for Chuanmai 42 is from Oct. 25 to Oct. 30 in most regions of Sichuan province due to its strong spring. （iv） The grain filling pattern of Chuarmai 42 had a little difference from that of other cultivars and its filling rate during middle to late filling stage was high and beneficial to forming great kernels.