北亚热带高山区日本落叶松造林整地与抚育技术的研究

Influence of Site Preparation and Tending on Larix kaempferi Growth for Northern Sub-tropical Alpine Area

对“八五”期间在湖北省宜昌市大老岭林场按4×3析因设计的日本落叶松不同整地与抚育方式试验林15 a观测数据进行了分析,研究了不同整地方式、抚育方式及其交互作用对日本落叶松历年生长量的影响,并对经济效益进行了对比分析,为该区发展短轮伐期纸浆用材林提出了适宜的整地、抚育方式。研究结果表明:整地方式对日本落叶松生长和造林保存率有一定影响,尤其对造林次年高生长量影响显著,对15年生蓄积量的影响也达10%的显著水平,A1(60 cm×60 cm×35 cm)的造林次年高生长、15 a蓄积量均显著高于对照,15年生时A1的胸径、树高、单木材积和蓄积量分别比对照提高3.36%、3.61%、12.29%和38.98%。抚育方式对造林后第3年保存率的影响达10%的显著水平,B2(7月上旬挖坑除草1次,在8月中旬再全面割灌1次的抚育方式)的保存率显著高于B3(8月上旬全面割灌1次的抚育方式),但3种抚育方式对各年生长量的影响并不显著。尽管整地方式与抚育方式的交互作用对各年生长量的影响并没有达到统计意义上的显著水平,但整地抚育组合A1B2的各年生长量均高于其它组合,15年生时其胸径、树高、材积和蓄积量比A0(对照)B2分别提高12.56%、14.65%、53.13%和68.16%,且A1B2的净现值最高,资金利用效果也较好;而A3B3的盈利率最高,其净现值也高于平均水平。

The influence of site preparation and tending on Larix kaempferi growth was studied, based on the experimental forest of 4 × 3 site preparation and tending methods set up during Eighth Five-year-plan period. The results showed that different site preparation methods affected the growth and survival rate of Larix kaempferi, especially significantly affected the annual growth after afforestation. The suggested site preparation for short rotation industrial plantation of Larix kaempferi in northern sub-tropical alpine area was hole reclamation with A1 （60 cm × 60 cm × 35 cm） ,of which the diameter, height ,volume and standing stock at 15-year-old were 3.36% ,3.61%, 12.29%, and 38.98% respectively higher than that of Ao. Differences in tree growth among 3 tending methods were not statistically significant. And the interaction of site preparation and tending affected the growth insignificantly, but the DBH, tree height volume and standing stock of A1B2 at 15-year-old were 12.56%, 14.65% ,53.13% and 68.16% respectively higher than that of AoB2. Therefore, A1 B2 site preparation and tending combined method was suggested for the area for short rotation industrial plantation of Larix kaerapferi, namely hole reclamation with 60 cm × 60 cm × 35 cm and twice a year tending, one in July with hole reclamation and grass-cutting, and the another one in August with clear cutting.