10种杨属植物树皮挥发油的化学成分分析

Chemical Constituents of Essential Oil from Bark of Ten Species of Populus

利用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取了10种杨属植物白城二号杨、小黑杨、俄罗斯杨、中东杨、小青杨、小青×黑杨、大青杨、斯大林杨、银中杨和小叶杨树皮中的挥发性物质。经气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析,分别发现了19、22、29、20、10、36、20、14、16和10种物质,从中分别确定了15、21、27、18、9、33、17、11、13和9种化合物。已醛、糠醛、邻羟基苯甲醛、(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛和亚油酸5种组分是10种杨树树皮挥发油的共有组分,邻羟基苯甲醛在10种杨树树皮挥发油中的含量都在12.16%以上,在小叶杨中的含量高达90.15%。挥发油的主要成分是醛类、酯类、烃类等,所鉴定成分分别占挥发油总量的95.06%、98.34%、96.91%、91.08%、100%、96.00%、90.69%、89.65%、95.31%和99.55%。

Essential oils were obtained from the bark of ten species of Populus plants, namely P. × xiaozhuanica cv. ＇Baicheng-2＇, P. simonii × P. nigra, P. russkii, P. berolinensis, P. pseudo-simonii, P. pseudo-simonii × P. nigra, P. ussuriensis, P. stalinetz, P. alba × P. berolinensis and P. simonii by means of steam distillation technique. The chemical constituents of the oils were separated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, and 19, 22, 29, 20, 10, 36, 20, 14, 16 and 10 components were separated, respectively, of which 15, 21,27, 18, 9, 33, 17, 11, 13 and 9 components were identified. The hexanal, furaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, （E, E）-2,4-heptadienal and linoleic acid were extracted from all the ten poplar trees bark＇s essential oil, the amounts of salicylaldehyde in all of them were more than 12.16%, and especially in P. simonii, 90.15%. The main constituents of the ten essential oils were aldehydes, esters, alkanes etc. , the percentages of identified components from the total essential oil were 95.06%, 98.34%, 96.91%, 91.08%, 100%, 96.00%, 90.69% 89.65%, 95.31% and 99.55% respectively.