河南省农村艾滋病流行地区居民对艾滋病传播知识与态度调查

The study on the related knowledge of AIDS' transmission routes and the attitude towards AIDS in AIDS-prevalent rural areas of Henan Province

目的了解艾滋病流行地区居民对艾滋病传播途径的知晓情况,对艾滋病病人的态度以及采取预防艾滋病的措施等情况,为艾滋病防治工作提供基础资料。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样方式,在河南省艾滋病高发地区随机抽取HIV感染者和AIDS患者组(HIV/AIDS组)、健康对照组进行现场调查,对调查结果进行卡方检验、分析。结果两组对艾滋病相关知识的知晓率均较高,HIV/AIDS组高于健康对照组,80%以上的人知道艾滋病是可以预防的,对通过消化道和呼吸道的途径不会传播艾滋病的知晓率在98%以上;两组被调查人员对HIV/AIDS的态度是理解和宽容的,90%以上的人认为HIV/AIDS应当受到同情、帮助和法律保护,艾滋病人有意向社会报复是犯罪行为以及在婚前性行为是不应该的认同率均在80%以上;愿意接触HIV/AIDS者或和其生活在一起的认同率较低;HIV/AIDS组的避孕率明显高于健康居民。结论河南省HIV/AIDS组人群艾滋病相关知识知晓率明显较高,农村居民艾滋病相关知识知晓率也达到了全国较高水平。

Objective To investigate the knowledge on AIDS transmission, the attitude to AIDS patients and adopted prevention measures from inhabitants in high-incidence areas of Henan Province. Methods Patients with AIDS or HIV infection as well as health matched controls were randomly selected in multi-steps from high-incidence regions of AIDS in Henan Province. Investigation and statistics analysis were used for comparison. Results Rates for obtaining AIDS knowledge were high in both groups. More than 80% of people knew that AIDS could be prevented. More than 98 % of inhabitants knew that AIDS could not transmit through digestive and respiratory tracts. The attitude of inhabitants to AIDS patients was very understandable and tolerant in both groups. More than 90 % of people agreed that patients with HIV/AIDS should receive sympathy, help and law protection. More than 80% of people thought that AIDS patients＇ revenge on community intentionally was criminal activities and that could not be tolerated, and the sexual behavior before marriage must be prevented. Only few people liked to contact or live with AIDS patients. Rates of contraception were significantly higher in patients with HIV compared to healthy controls. Conclusions The survey indicates that patients with HIV/AIDS have more understanding of AIDS in Henan Province. Understanding rates of AIDS-related knowledge by inhabitants in rural regions of Henan Province were significantly higher than those of whole country.