美国玉米种质的利用与改良

The Utilization and Improvement of Maize Germplasm in the United States

新种质的普遍缺乏和遗传基础狭窄,已经成为玉米育种者所面临的难题。美国作为世界上玉米播种面积及总产量最高的国家,在玉米种质的理论及应用上都取得了突出的成果。本文回顾、总结了美国在种质利用方面的历史和现状,分析了杂种优势理论的发展和杂种优势模式的应用,以及通过群体改良、外来种质导入手段保持遗传多样性,改良、拓宽种质基础的理论发展及其实践。

Most maize breeders in the world are embarrassed with the scarcity and narrow base of the germplasm in the situation of demanding to maize growing up and commercial breeding programs prevailing. available Maize is the leading in U S. and U S. is also the world leader in maize production, most of achievements achieved in modem history both in theories and practices related in maize research can be traced back to U S. The history and success in the utilization of germplasm, the heterosis and heterotic pattern were introduced and reviewed, the strategies of recurrent selection, introgression and incorporation of exotic germplasm for widening the genetic bases were also mentioned here in.