颞叶损伤对意识及无意识记忆的影响

The effects of conscious and unconscious memory in temporal lobe damage

目的 探讨颞叶损伤对意识、无意识记忆的影响。方法 选取16例左颞叶损伤患者，12例右颞叶损伤患者和20例正常人进行对照研究，采用Jacoby的加工分离程序，对意识性提取成绩和无意识提取成绩进行分离，同时选用两种图形材料（具体图形和抽象图形）对知觉启动和语义启动进行分离。结果 意识性提取多重比较结果显示，按仪=0．05的水准，在具体图形编码条件下，左颞叶损伤组的贡献率（0．475±0．247）低于正常组（0．825±0．130），差异有显著性（F=4．610，P=0．035）；右颞叶损伤组与正常组之间差异无显著性。在抽象图形编码条件下，3组之间的差异无显著性。无意识提取多重比较结果显示，按α=0．05的水准，在具体图形编码条件下，右颞叶损伤组的贡献率（0．105±0．148）低于正常组（0．850±0．188），差异有显著性（F=14．858，P=0．001），左颞叶损伤组与正常组之间的差异无显著性；在抽象图形编码条件下，3组之间的差异无显著性。结论 左颞叶损伤导致具体图形的意识性提取受损，右颞叶损伤导致无意识记忆的语义启动受损，颞叶损伤对知觉启动无影响。

Objective To explore the conscious and the unconscious memory in patients with temporal lobe damage. Methods A control experiment was used in 16 patients with left temporal lobe damage , 12 patients with right temporal lobe damage and 20 normal controls. A process dissociation procedure （PDP） was used to separate the conscious and the unconscious memory. Two experimental materials （concrete pictures and abstract pictures） were used to separate the perceptive priming and the conceptual priming. Results （1） With the concrete picture experimental materials, the left temporal lobe damage group had lower conscious memory performance （0.475 ±0.247） than normal controls （0. 825 ±0. 130） ,（ F=4.610, P=0.035）, and the right temporal lobe damage had lower unconscious memory performance（0. 105 ± 0. 148 ） than normal controls （0. 850 ± 0. 188 ） , （ F = 14. 858, P = 0. 001 ）. （2）With the abstract picture experimental materials, there is no difference between the three groups. Thus, left temporal lobe damaged, conscious memory with the concrete picture experimental materials seems to be vulnerable. Right temporal lobe damaged, unconscious memory in conceptual priming seems to be vulnerable. Whereas perceptive priming remains intact in both left and right temporal lobe damaged. Conclusion The temporal lobes play an important role in the conscious conceptual memory performance as well as conceptual priming.