护士长工作压力及其影响因素

Investigation of work related stress of head nurses and its influence factors

目的 探讨护士长工作压力水平及其影响因素。方法 采用问卷调查法，调查了广州市5家三级甲等综合医院的200名护士长的工作压力水平及其影响因素。结果 护士长的工作压力为中等水平（2．07±0．29）分，其首要工作压力为工作量及时间分配方面（2．45±0．49）分，最大压力源为非护理性工作太多（2．58±0．68）分；影响护士长工作压力的最大因素为担任护士长职务的喜好程度（解释量为12．8％），另外还有因管理工作占用休息时间和对家庭耽误的程度、家庭成员的支持度以及收入多少的程度、护士长的职务、学历等。结论 护士长的工作压力为中度，并受多因素影响，应增加护理人员编制，简化管理流程和烦琐的护理文书工作；加强对护士长的培训，包括管理知识、人际沟通、人文学科和有关压力的应对技巧等；提拔和培养护士长时，应尽可能尊重其个人意愿和家庭背景；关注高学历的护士长、区护士长等压力较大的护士长群体及其压力成因。

Objective To investigate the levels of work related stress of head nurses and its influence factors. Methods By way of questionnaire, we investigated the levels of work related stress and its influence factors of 200 head nurses from five general hospitals in Guangzhou city： Results The work related stress of head nurses was in the middle level（2.07± 0.29）. The main work related stress of head nurses came from workload and time distribution （2.45 ±0.49 ）. The most important work related stressor was excess non-nursing work （2.58 ± 0.68）. The most important factor affecting work related stress of head nurses included the degree of their satisfaction at the duties of head nurse（accounted for 12.8 percent of all）. Besides, influence of management work on family life, support of family members , their income, duties and the record of formal schooling were included. Conclusion The work related stress of head nurses was in the middle level and was affected by many factors. Suggestions were given as follows ： Increase the number of nursing workers. Simplify management links and tedious nursing clerical work. Enhance the educational training of head nurses including knowledge of management, coping of interpersonal relationship, the humanities and coping capabilities of stress. When promoting and training a head nurse, respect her personal willing and family background as possible. Pay attention to head nurses who had more record of formal schooling and their work related stressors.