小学留守儿童社会支持的特点及其与孤独感的关系

The Social Support and Its Relationship to Loneliness of Rural Liushou Children in Primary School

目的探讨小学留守儿童社会支持的特点及其与孤独感的关系。方法采用社会支持问卷和儿童孤独量表(CLS)对99名小学留守儿童和68名对照组儿童进行测查。结果小学留守儿童的社会支持主要来自父母,但在陪伴维度上老师的支持高于父母;与对照组儿童和仅父亲外出打工的儿童相比,父母均外出打工的儿童感受到来自母亲的陪伴支持较少;小学留守儿童在社会支持方面不存在显著的性别差异,但在同学的情感支持、陪伴、肯定价值以及父母的工具性支持和肯定价值方面存在显著的年级差异(F值:3.09～5.07,P<0.05);老师的陪伴支持是影响小学留守儿童孤独感的重要因素(β=-0.37,P<0.01)。结论小学留守儿童与对照组儿童在大部分社会支持因子上不存在显著性差异,但在社会支持与孤独感的关系模式上却存在不同。

Objective To explore the characteristic of social support and its relation to loneliness of primary school＇s liushou children. Methods 99 liushou children and 67 non-liushou children （contrast group） were investigated with Social Support Questionnaire and Children＇s Loneliness Scale. Results Parent was the main source of social support of liushou children except the company support. Compared with contrast group and the children only father out-migrated for work, those children whose mother and father all out-migrated for work perceived less company support from their mothers. While there was no significant gender difference in all factors of social support of liushou children, the grade difference in some factors of social support was still significant（F： 3.09-5.07, P〈0. 05）. Perceived company support from teachers was the unique significant predictor for loneliness of primary school＇s liushou children （β=-0. 37, P〈0.01）. Conclusion Although there was no significant difference in most factors of social support between liushou children and contrast group, the relation of social support and loneliness of them was different.