长沙马王堆T型非衣帛画之金乌考

Research on Jinwu of Changsha Mawangdui T Graphic Feiyi Painting on Silk

首先提出长沙马王堆T型非衣帛画就是描绘了天、人、水三界的景象，而不是冥间世界的天上、人间、地下的传统看法；从文献入手探讨了金鸟的神奇传说和科学认识，指出金鸟是太阳崇拜系列“十日神话”、“扶桑神树”、“后羿射日”等故事的主角；通过对金乌与鸱鹗的比较，肯定鸱鹗是“跋乌”的观点是错误的；帛画中的金乌图像说明西汉以前是一种多元图腾崇拜并存的状态，金乌与鸱鹗最终将被中华民族的至高鸟图腾——凤凰所取代。

This paper firstly points out that Changsha Mawangdui T graphic Feiyi painting on silk describes spectacle of heaven, person and water, against the traditional idea that the painting describes heaven, the human world and Hades of the underworld. Then it discusses Jinwu＇ s legend and science cognitions from documents. Through the clue of the series of ten sun myth, Japan＇s Magical tree and Queen monarch Yi shooting sun, we come to the conclusion that Jinwu is the outcome of sun worship. By comparing Jinwu and Chixiao, this paper states the viewpoint of Jinwu being Chixiao is mistaken, the painting on silk＇s Jinwu image explains the totemism coexistence state before the Westem Han Dynasty, Jinwu and Chixiao in the end will be replaced by phoenix which is the highest bird totem of the Chinese nation.