疟疾基本消灭后监测与防治对策的研究

Malaria control and surveillance after malaria basically eliminated

目的评价潍坊市疟疾基本消灭后监测效果与防治对策，为调整防疟措施提供依据。方法1988年基本消灭疟疾后，在全市范围内设专职或兼职镜检站246处，积极开展病例侦察，及时发现和洽疗现症病人，对病人进行流行病学调查和疫点处理，加强流动人口疟疾管理，定时对各镜检站的工作进行检查、督导，采用间接免疫荧光法（IFAT）随机抽查居民患病情况和媒介密度。结果1988—2005年共血检当地发热病人1886535人次，疟原虫阳性9例，血检往返高疟区流动人口270761人次，检出疟原虫阳性者27例，1999年后未再发生内源性病例，居民疟疾抗体监测5821人，阳性率0．206％，中华按蚊密度维持在较低水平。结论输入性病例为现阶段病例的主要来源，基本消灭疟疾的防治成果得到了巩固，现行疟疾防治措施可以适当简化，流动人口的监测与管理是防治重点。

Objective To evaluate the effect of consolidation measures after malaria basically eliminated and provide evidence for taking malaria control strategy. Methods Adopting workable measure after malaria was basically eliminated in Weifang city in 1988, setting up 246 stations where malaria parasite was identified. Any one case was found and cured as soon as possible, made epidemiological investigations, strengthened the administration of malaria in mobile population, supervised the station periodically. Incidence of malaria was investigated by random sample method with IFAT and density of vector was also investigated. Results From 1988 to 2005,1 886 535 blood samples of patients who suffered from fever were examined, 9 samples was positive. Blood samples of 270 761 who had ever been to malaria epidemic area were showed 27 positive. There were only 36 cases, in them 3 were indigenous case, others were introduced. Anti-malaria among 5 821 residents were measured by IFAT, the rate of positive was 0. 206%. Density of Anopheles sinensis kept at a low level. Conclusion The consolidation measures of prevention and cure in area where malaria basically eliminated was effective. Prevention measures of malaria should be simplified. It was important to strengthen the administration of malaria in mobile population.