神经语言程序学视野中的语言模式

Language Models in Neuro-linguistic Programming

NLP是关于大脑运作、语言模式、人类认知程序以及它们之间的相互作用而产生主观认识和行为的一套学问。NLP中对语言的研究,不是研究语言本身,而是研究语言的应用技巧。NLP认为,人们存在于潜意识中的思想,经过删减、扭曲和一般化,转变成有意识的语言表达出来。语言沟通中的话语转换方法包括上调、下调和平调。提示语言模式是上调的技巧,目的是与对方的潜意识沟通,从而增加说服力。检定语言模式是下调的技巧,可以发掘对方话语中的深层意思,从而了解其真正想法。这些语言技巧,多被应用于心理治疗、演讲、人事管理和销售培训等需要与人沟通的场合。

Neuro-linguistic programming （NLP） denotes a set of principles and knowledge meant to explore how mind and neurology （neuro）, language patterns （linguistic）, the organization of human perception and cognition into systemic patterns （programming） interact to create subjective reality and human behaviors. The object of linguistic research in NLP is application skills rather than language itself. NLP believes that subconscious mind is converted to conscious mind and sentences through the process of deletion, distortion and generalization. The conversion methods of linguistic communication consist of chunking up, chunking down and chunking laterally. Milton model, a skill of chunking up, is the use of unconscious communications to enhance persuasion. Meta model, a skill of chunking down, can discover a speaker＇s meanings hidden under the deep structure, and help us to understand the speaker＇s real idea. These models and skills based on the NLP belief and value have been widely used in occasions where communications are necessary, such as psychotherapy, motivational seminars, management and sales training.