微卫星DNA作为遗传标记的优点及前景

Advantages and prospects of microsatellite DNA as genetic marker

微卫星ＤＮＡ（Ｍｉｃｒｏｓａｔｅｌｉｔｅ）是一类以１～６ｂｐ的核苷酸为基本单位、呈串联重复状散在分布于整个基因组的重复序列。它与限制性片段长度多态性（Ｒｅｓｔｒｉｃｔｉｏｎｆｒａｇｍｅｎｔｌｅｎｇｔｈｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｓｍ，ＲＦＬＰ）、随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ（ＲａｎｄｏｍａｍｐｌｉｆｉｅｄｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｃＤＮＡ，ＲＡＰＤ）、小卫星ＤＮＡ（Ｍｉｎｉｓａｔｅｌｉｔｅ）等分子标记相比，具有数量多、分布广且均匀、多态性丰富、分析快速方便等一系列优点。

Microsatellite, a kind of short tandem repeat with 1 6bp motif as core sequence, is dispersedly distributed throughout the genome. Compared with restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP), random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD), minisatellite and other molecular markers, microsatellite has a series of advantages, such as a large quantity, extensive and even distribution, abundant polymorphisms, rapid and convenient analysis. It also has a great theoretic importance and good prospects in practice.