出血性大肠杆菌感染疫苗的研究进展

Development of Vaccine for Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Infection

介绍了国内外出血性大肠杆菌感染疫苗的研究概况,包括Stx类毒素疫苗、亚单位疫苗、结合疫苗、减毒活菌苗及一些新型疫苗研究的技术发展和最新成果。其中Stx类毒素疫苗肠外注射免疫在兔子和猪中已经显示具有保护效果;利用弱毒霍乱弧菌或沙门氏菌载体表达Stx的减毒活菌苗免疫小鼠能产生中和肠毒素的血清抗体;此外还发展了多种以特异性多糖为基础制备的结合疫苗;近年来通过构建真核细胞质粒pStx2B和pStx2△A发展的DNA疫苗,诱导小鼠产生了抗Stx2体液免疫反应。

Efforts on the development of vaccine strategies against enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli （EHEC） infection are described in this review. Many kinds of vaccine candidates are discussed, including toxoid vaccines, subunit vaccines, conjugate vaccines, live-vector vaccines and DNA vaccines. Stx toxoid vaccines have shown protective effects in rabbits and pigs. Attenuated V. cholerae and Salmonella vaccine strains that express Stx have engendered neutralizing serum antibodies and partial protection from the enterotoxic effects of Stx. Vaccines specific for O157 EHEC have been developed based on O157 polysaccharide conjugated to protein carriers. Eukaryotic plasmids pStx2B and pStx2△A have induced neutralizing humoral immune response against the Stx2.