“势必”的词汇化

Vocabularlized Process of "shi bi"

语气副词“势必”由非词的分立的句法单位词汇化而来。在古汉语中“势”与“必”共现有四种句法类型:其+“势必”+VP;主语+“势必”+VP;小句+“势必”+VP;“势必”+小句。在这四种句法类型中,“势必”为副词的形式标志有三个:“其势必”中的“其”由指示代词转向人称代词;“势”的实指义虚化;“势必”居小句首表示一种主观态度。根据上述标志,“势必”作为副词形成于魏晋南北朝与唐宋时,完全成熟于元明清时期。其词汇化的主要因素是“势”的意义虚化,与“必”融合为一个复音副词。

Modality adverb ＂shi bi＂ comes from separate sentential units that haven＇ t formed a word. When ＂shi＂ and ＂hi＂ co - occured in ancient Chinese ,there are four syntax types. ＂Qi＂ ＋ ＂shi hi＂ ＋ VP; subject ＋ ＂shi hi＂ ＋ VP; clause ＋ ＂shi hi＂ ＋ VP; ＂shi hi＂ ＋ VP. In the four syntax types there are three modal symbols when ＂shi hi＂ is a adverb . The＂ qi＂ in ＂qi shi hi＂ from demonstrative pronoun to personal pronoun; the meaning of ＂shi ＂ weakened; ＂shi hi＂in the front of clause indicating a subjective attitude. Based on the above symbol, ＂shi hi＂ as a adverb had formed in the period of Wen - Jin - Nan - Bei dynasty and Tang - Song dynasty, and had matured in the period of Yuan - Ming - Qing dynasty. The main factor of its lexicalization is the sense of ＂shi＂ weakening, formin~ a comolex adverb with ＂hi＂.