现代性视域与文学“比较”的多重意蕴

The Modern Horizon and the Various Implications of Literature “Comparison”

作为一门跨越了三个世纪的学科，比较文学仍旧常常被误解为一门几乎不需要学习就可以无师自通的学问。甚至一些比较文学科班出生的学人也认为，只要具备相应的语言（主要是外语）工具和一定的中外文学和文化修养，只要研究对象涉及到两种或两种以上民族、语言、文化和学科的文学现象比较，不管基于何种价值立场和主体局限，似乎都可以视作为比较文学了。事情果真是这样吗？未必!作者认为，任何所谓的比较，都需要价值理念去支撑，比较的学理要求、问题意识和价值目标都将直接影响到学科方法和研究范式的有效性。特别是在当下所谓现代性视域和多元文化语境中，“比较”只能建立在坚定不移地拆解文化中心主义、肯定多元文化共生权利、坚持价值倾向和发展担当互补共存的意识基础之上。如果没有这些价值理念的支撑，一般意义上的比较方法，甚至是跨越文化、语言、民族的比较研究，同样不能保证得到这个时代的文化对话所期待的结果。

As a discipline that has spanned three centuries, comparative literature is still regarded by many people as a research that could be done without studying into it or being taught, even some scholars who have received regular professional training also consider that a study could be viewed as comparative literature as long as the researcher possesses the corresponding language （ mainly a foreign language） instruments and the researching object involves the comparison between the literary phenomena of two or more nations, languages, cultures or disciplines, and that in such a case, the value standpoints and the limitations of the subject on which the research is based need not to be examined. Is that the truth？ Not necessarily! The author holds that any kind of so -called ＂comparison＂ needs the support of certain value ideas. The validity of the study methods and the research paragon would be directly affected by the requests of the academic principle, the consciousness of issues as well as the value aims of the comparison. Especially in the multicultural context with a so - called modern horizon, the ＂comparison＂ has to be established on the basic of the consciousness of firmly demolishing the cultural centralism, affirming the rights for the symbiosis of multi - cultures as well as insisting on the complementation and co- existence of value tendencies and developmental responsibilities. Without the support of such value ideas, the comparative method in the general sense cannot guarantee a satisfactory result of the cultural dialogue expected by this era even if such a research is cross - cultural, cross - lingual and cross - national.