鲁迅的《狂人日记》与易卜生的《人民公敌》

Lu Xun’s Madman’s Diary and Ibsen’s An Enemy of the People

有关《狂人日记》与西方作家、作品的关系问题，研究者们通常是围绕果戈里、尼采等人来展开论述的。本文认为，与以上诸位相比，易卜生的代表剧作之一《人民公敌》给《狂人日记》带来的影响更大。本文是从两部作品的故事情节、人物塑造以及故事结局等方面来探讨其一致性的。结论是：两部作品虽在故事发生的背景、展开的缘由以及写作手法上有鲜明的个人特色，但若从故事的整体构思、人物的设置和划分等方面来考察的话，则能明显地看出《狂人日记》对《人民公敌》的承继和借鉴。从某种意义上说，《狂人日记》是鲁迅受到《人民公敌》的影响、启发后，创作出的中国版的“人民公敌”；小说中的“狂人”是斯多克芒医生在中国的变体。

In reference to the relationships between Lu Xun＇s Madman＇s Diary and western writers＇ literary works, critics would talk about the influences by the works of N. V. Gogol, F. W. Nietzsche and others. The author of this article believes that one of Henrik Ibsen＇s masterpiece An Enemy of the People has an even stronger impact upon Lu Xun. This article will argue on the relationships between Lu Xun＇s Madman＇s Diary and Ibsen＇s An Enemy of the People by discussing the plots, characters and endings of these two works, concluding that Lu Xun＇s Madman＇s Diary drew on the experience of Ibsen＇s An Enemy of the People though they have many differences in social backgrounds, reasons for their writings and their featured literary styles. In a sense, Lu Xun was inspired by Ibsen and created a Chinese version of An Enemy of the People, and the madman is actually a Chinese version of Dr. Stockmann.