水相识别分子印迹技术

Molecular Recognition in Aqueous Media with Molecular Imprinting Technique

在各种基于超分子方法的仿生识别体系中,分子印迹聚合物已经证明是一种有潜力的合成受体,受到了广泛的关注。传统的分子印迹技术通常是在有机溶剂中制备对小分子具有选择性的印迹聚合物,而在水相中制备及识别生物大分子的研究仍具有相当的挑战性。从小分子到生物大分子、从有机相到水相,反映了分子印迹技术的发展趋势。本文对最近几年分子印迹在水相制备与识别方面的最新进展进行了总结与评述,探讨了水相识别印迹聚合物的设计策略与制备方法;着重介绍了水相识别技术在固相萃取、色谱固定相、药物控释、中药有效成分提取以及生物分子识别等方面的应用;指出了提高水相识别选择性的途径并对其将来的发展进行了建议与展望。

Among the variety of biomimetic recognition systems based on supramolecular approaches, molecularly imprinted polymers （MIPs） have proved potential as synthetic receptors and received more and more attention. Conventional molecular imprinting technology allows the synthesis in organic solvents of molecularly imprinted polymers selective toward relatively low molecular weight compounds. However, synthesis in aqueous media of chemically and mechanically stable MIPs that can recognize biomolecules still is a great challenge. From small molecules to biomacromolecules, from organic phase to aqueous media, the application field expands with the development of molecular imprinting technique. The recent progress in preparation and recognition of molecularly imprinted polymers in aqueous phase are overviewed and discussed. The design strategy and preparation methods of aqueous MIPs are investigated. The emphasis is put on the applications of aqueous recognition in the fields of solid phase extraction, chromatographic stationary phases, drug delivery and controlled release, separation of active ingredients from herbs and recognition of biomolecules. The methods to improve the selectivities of MIPs in aqueous recognition are presented, and the challenges, as well as the suggestions to the development of molecular imprinting technique are outlined.