果树原生质体培养及细胞融合的研究进展

RECENT ADAVANCES IN PROTOPLAST CULTURE IN FRUIT TREES

本文综述了近年来世界各国果树原生质体培养和细胞融合的研究进展。指出以叶片、愈伤组织、悬浮细胞作为分离原生质体的材料较适宜。列举了分离原生质体的条件和已培养成完整植株的若干树种的培养步骤和条件,概述了原生质体的培养方法及关系到培养能否成功的一些因素。最后,介绍了引人注目的柑桔体细胞杂交和细胞质杂种的研究动态。

The latest developments on protoplast culture and protoplast fusion are focused in this review.The isolation of protoplast,being the first step in protoplast technique,was restricted by several factors such as the resource materials,enzyme combination and osmotic condition.Although several kinds of plant materi- als have been chosen as the resource of protoplast in a dozen of fruit trees,leaf both in vivo and in vitro, callus and suspension could be considered as the efficient materials.The effects of physiological condition of the material,enzyme combination and osmotic condition on the yield,viability and quality of the isolated protoplasts are also outlined.The cell mitosis and embryogenesis and/or organogenesis in protoplast-de- rived callus were rather important steps,both were influnced by cell resource,medium components, osmotic condition and so on.The protoplasts isolated from citrus,apple,pear,cherry and Kiwifruit have been cultured to differentiate into whole plant.Some inter-and intrageneric somatic hybrids were obtained by protoplast fusion in citrus and pear-cherry.With the donor-recipient protoplast fusion method,some cybrids,having the nuclear genome of a culltivar and alien organelles,were also obtained in citrus.