阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者认知障碍的研究进展

Cognitive disorders in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome:a review of literature

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)可引起患者认知障碍,其发生机制主要与睡眠结构紊乱以及慢性反复性可逆性低氧有关．而缺氧敏感区脑组织的病理改变则可能是认知障碍产生的病理基础。初步研究表明OSAHS认知障碍表现为全面认知功能缺损,且可能与阿尔茨海默病(AD)有一定的相关性。近年来．神经影像技术的应用拓展了认知功能的评估手段．但仍有待建立一套特异性高、操作性强的临床评价体系。早期积极治疗OSAHS可减缓认知障碍的发生,但仍缺乏认知障碍的针对性治疗。儿童OSAHS的发病并不少见且可能影响到儿童的认知行为发育,需引起足够的重视。

Patients possibly incur cognitive disorders when they suffer from obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS）. The pathogenesis of OSAHS is mainly associated with turbulence of sleep structure and chronic episodic hypoxia during sleep, and the pathological changes in cerebral areas hypersensitive to hypopnea may be responsible for cognitive dysfunction. It has been preliminarily showed that cognitive disorder in OSAHS is a generalized cognitive impairment and is possibly associated with Alzheimer＇ s disease （AD）. Recently, measures for cognitive evaluation have been improved by the application of the neuroimage; however,to build a highly specific,maneuverable evaluation system still demands more exertion. Despite the fact that early remedies for OSAHS may slow down the cognitive dysfunction, there still lacks specialized treatment for cognitive disorders. OSAHS is not rare in children and it can affect their cognitive function, which demands more attention.