快速细胞培养法在呼吸道合胞病毒感染早期诊断中的应用

Application of Rapid Cell Culture to Early Diagnosis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

目的建立检测呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)的快速细胞培养法,并应用于呼吸道合胞病毒感染的早期诊断。方法采用自制的抗RSV的单克隆抗体,经快速细胞培养法和直接涂片法检测165份急性下呼吸道感染的婴幼儿鼻咽分泌物及咽拭子中RSV,并与病毒分离培养比较,再将自制试剂盒与进口呼吸道病毒荧光检测试剂盒检测结果进行比较,探讨其临床实用性。结果57份咽拭标本中,1份快速细胞培养法及直接涂片法检测均为阳性,阳性率1.8%,未分离到病毒。108份鼻咽分泌物中,快速细胞培养法检出21份阳性,阳性率19.4%。直接涂片法检测出14份阳性,阳性率13%,病毒分离培养法检出阳性12份,阳性率11%。快速细胞培养法与其他两种方法相比,阳性检出率差异有显著意义。自制试剂盒与进口试剂盒检出40份鼻咽分泌物标本,阳性率均为35%。结论将直接涂片法与快速细胞培养法同时应用于RSV感染的早期诊断,既能及时提供检测结果,又能提高诊断的敏感性,是对RSV感染进行早期诊断的实用方法。

Objective To develop a rapid cell culture method for early diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus （RSV） infection. Methods A total of 57 pharynx swab and 108 nasopharyngeal secrete specimens from the infants with acute lower respiratory tract infection were detected with prepared McAb against RSV by rapid cell culture and direct smearing separately, and the results were compared with those by virus isolation and by imported IFA kit. Results One of the 57 （ 1.8% ） pharynx swab specimens was judged as RSV positive both by rapid cell culture and by direct smearing,from which no RSV was isolated. Of the 108 nasopharyngeal secrete specimens,21 （19. 4% ）, 14（ 13% ） and 12 （11% ） were judged as RSV positive by rapid cell culture, direct smearing and virus isolation respectively. The positive rate by rapid cell culture was significantly higher than those by direct smearing and by virus isolation. However,both the positive rates by prepared and imported IFA kits were 35%. Conclusion A practical method for the early diagnosis of RSV infection was developed by combining direct smearing with rapid cell culture, which was rapid, sensitive and practical.