气管切开术易损伤血管的应用解剖

Applied anatomy of easily damaged blood vessels in tracheotomy

目的探讨颈部肌三角区血管的应用解剖,为临床气管切开术中避免出血过多,提供参考资料。方法取经甲醛防腐固定的30具成人尸体标本(男20例,女10例),对气管前的甲状腺下动脉和甲状腺下静脉进行观测。结果甲状腺下浅动脉,有左右共干的起自右颈总动脉,上方内侧缘,再在颈前部分为左支、右支和中央支,也有起自右侧椎动脉者,甲状腺下动脉支配颈前部;甲状腺下静脉分单干、双干、三干的三种类型及吻合支均跨越气管颈部前面。结论颈部肌三角中有异常甲状腺下动脉存在,甲状腺下静脉类型多,吻合支多,故颈部肌三角并非手术“安全区”。

Objective To explore the apply anatomy of the vessels in muscular triangle of the cervical part, in order to avoid losing too much blood in tracheotomy. Methods Thirsty adult corpses fixed with formaldehyde and antiseptic （ male 20, female10 ） were observed, included inferior thyroid artery and inferior thyroid vein. Results Some inferior thyroid arteries with the fight and left sharing the same trunk, which start from the fight common carotid artery and margo medialis and then they are divided into the left branch, the fight branch and the central branch in the front cervical part. Other inferior thyroid arteries start from right vertebral artery. Inferior thyroid arteries control the front cervical part. Inferior thyroid veins can be divided into such three types as single trunks, double trunks, three trunks and anastomotic branch and they all cross the front of the cervical part of the trachea. Conclusion The abnormal inferior thyroid artery is existed in the muscular triangle of neck. There are many types and anastomotic branches of inferior thyroid vein. The muscular triangle of neck is not a ＇ safety zone＇ in operation.