热带海岛地区某医院烧伤感染病原菌分布及耐药性调查

Survey on the bacterial flora and their resistance to antibiotics in hospitalized burn patients on tropical islands

目的 了解热带海岛地区烧伤感染病原菌分布及耐药情况。方法 回顾性调查分析2000-2005年笔者单位烧伤病区392例住院患者的病原菌分布情况及其耐药性特点。结果 （1）共检出671株病原菌，其中铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、阴沟肠杆菌、不动杆菌是主要菌种。最常见的铜绿假单胞菌检出率为27．7％，较20世纪90年代（33．6％）有下降趋势。（2）铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南／西司他丁及头孢吡肟的耐药率分别为32．2％和36．7％，对其余10种常用抗生素的耐药率均在80．0％以上。（3）141株金黄色葡萄球菌中，共检出89株甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌，检出率为63．1％；未检出对万古霉素耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌。结论 铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、阴沟肠杆菌、不动杆菌等是热带海岛地区烧伤感染的主要病原菌；前两者的抗生素耐药率较高。

Objective To investigate the bacterial flora and their drug resistance in hospitalized burn patients on tropical islands. Methods Retrospective study was carried out to analyze pathogenic microorganisms and their drug resistance characteristics in 392 burn patients hospitalized during 2000--2005. Results （ 1 ） Totally 671 strains of bacteria were isolated, among which Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Aerobacter cloacae and Acinetobacter species were predominant, but the isolation rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was declining compared with that in 1990＇s. （2） The resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem and cefepime was 32.2% and 36.7% , respectively, while that to other antibiotics was above 80%. （3）Among 141 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 89 strains （63. 1% ） of MRSA were isolated, and none of them were resistant to Vancomycin. Conclusion Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Aerobacter cloacae and Acinetobacter species were predominant in tropical islands . The species of the pathogens are changing . The drug resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staph- ylococcus aureus are rather high.