青岛沿海地区2型糖尿病患者能量摄入调查分析

A survey of ingested energy of type 2 diabetic patients in Qingdao region

目的了解青岛沿海地区2型糖尿病患者的能量摄入现状及膳食结构,为进一步进行大规模的青岛沿海地区糖耐量异常(IGT)及糖尿病流行病学调查、IGT的饮食干预及糖尿病患者膳食治疗方案的修订提供依据。方法共选择调查资料齐全的2型糖尿病患者337例,采用问卷调查方式,应用自行设计的饮食控制程序,根据患者性别、身高、体重、活动强度计算出患者每日所需总热量的上、下限;根据患者每日摄入食物计算了实际摄入总热量及三大营养素的构成比例。结果研究对象热能摄入的平均水平尚在标准范围内,但有66.47%的患者能量摄入不合理,其中42.14%的患者营养过剩。膳食结构也存在不合理之处,脂肪供热比例偏高,碳水化合物在低限附近,蛋白质供热比较合适。结论青岛沿海地区2型糖尿患者人群中热能摄入"不足"与"过剩"并存,以摄入过剩为主,"富裕病"呈上升趋势。我国以传统的植物性食物(谷物)为主的膳食模式正在向高脂肪、高蛋白,特别是高动物性食物的西方膳食模式转变,但存在地区差异。

Objective To assess the ingested energy and dietary pattern of type 2 diabetic patients in Qingdao region for making large-scale IGT and DM epidemiological survey, intervening the diet of IGT patients, and revising type 2 diabetic patients＇dietary therapy plan. Methods Three hundred and thirty-seven type 2 diabetic patients were selected. Questionnaire and the dietary control software were used to calculate the upper and low limit of gross heat needed by every patient according to his sex, stature, weight, and activity, and to calculate actual ingested energy and the constituent ratio of three main nutrients according to every patient＇s ingested foods everyday. Results The average level of ingested energy was within the standard range. However, 66.47% patients had unreasonable ingested energy and 42. 14% patients had the problem of overnutrition. Dietary pattern was also unreasonable,with high ratio of fat and low ratio of carbohydrate. Conclusions T2DM patients had the problems of both deficient and excessive ingested energy. The traditional dietary pattern of our country characterized by high intake of vegetable food is changing to that of western countries characterized by high intake of fat and protein, animal food, and there exists regional differences.