以膨润土为辅助添加剂固化/稳定化污泥的试验研究

Solidification/Stabilization(S/S) of Sludge Using Calcium-Bentonite as Additive

针对传统以水泥固化污泥,带来的水泥用量大与固化体的浸出液pH过高等问题,提出了以膨润土为添加剂辅助水泥固化/稳定化污泥的思路.通过开展无侧限抗压强度试验、毒性浸出试验,测量掺入膨润土后污泥固化体的强度、重金属浸出率、浸出液COD及pH值,研究该固化/稳定化方法的效果.结果表明,膨润土的掺入极大地提高了固化体的抗压强度,将掺入量为0.4(相对污泥的质量比)的水泥一半用膨润土替代时,固化体的强度提高了6左右.体积安定性也能够满足要求.随膨润土掺入量增加,固化体中锌、铅的浸出率与浸出液的pH值呈现不断减小的趋势,锌与铅的浸出率分别由6.9%下降至0.25%,9.6%下降至5%,pH值由12.3下降至12.1.在强碱条件下及烘干或风干条件下,铜会随着有机物的分解而析出,从而增加铜的浸出率,而膨润土的加入能弥补水泥造成的强碱环境及风干或烘干过程对固化污泥中铜的稳定产生的不利影响.

Cement-based S/S of sludge confronted the problems of consuming the large amount of cement and high pH leaching from solidified sludge. This research utilized calcium-bentonite as additive to assist cement-based S/S of sludge. Unconfined compressive strength （UCS） test and leach test were conducted to assess its effect by measuring UCS of the solidified sludge, leaching ratio of heavy metal, COD and pH of leachate from the solidified sludge. The results show that compressive strength of the solidified sludge increases remarkably after adding calcium-bentonlte, and when half of cement content of 0.4 （to sludge by weight）is replaced by bentonite, strength of the solidified sludge increases nearly 6 times. Furthermore, volume of the solidified sludge after adding bentonite changes small. With calcium-bentonite adding, leaching Zn, Pb and pH from the solidified sludge appears in a declining trend, zinc and lead leaching ratios decrease from 6.9% to 0.25 % , 9.6% to 5 % respectively and pH decreases from 12.3 to 12.1. Copper would be leached out as organics dissolve at high pH or natural drying conditions, which increases leaching ratio of copper from sludge. However, bentonite can reduce these bad influences and improve stability of copper stable in the solidified sludge